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壹 看得見的手
小艾爾弗雷德·錢德勒在其著名的《看得見的手》中指出:管理協(xié)調(diào)這只“看得見的手”,相比市場(chǎng)協(xié)調(diào)這只“看不見的手”而言,能夠帶來(lái)巨大的生產(chǎn)力和豐厚的利潤(rùn),能夠提高資本的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,管理的變革會(huì)引發(fā)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的顯著提高。這也就是錢德勒所謂的“企業(yè)的管理革命”。
貳 技術(shù)促進(jìn)企業(yè)管理演變
錢德勒認(rèn)為斯普林菲爾德兵工廠是19世紀(jì)30年代具有現(xiàn)代工廠管理形式的少數(shù)企業(yè)。該兵工廠通過周密的檢查和會(huì)計(jì)核算保證其內(nèi)部100多個(gè)專業(yè)工種可以高效生產(chǎn)槍支?,F(xiàn)代工廠管理并不是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理。真正的現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理是伴隨著鐵路和電報(bào)的出現(xiàn)而出現(xiàn)的。這些行業(yè)大量雇傭?qū)B毥?jīng)理人員來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)、管理和評(píng)估分散在各地的營(yíng)業(yè)單位的工作。這種伴隨科技進(jìn)步而提升的組織能力又進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了財(cái)富的創(chuàng)造。
叁 高科技行業(yè)中的企業(yè)管理
錢德勒在高技術(shù)行業(yè)的研究中,錢德勒將“組織能力”概念進(jìn)一步深化,強(qiáng)調(diào)基于三種知識(shí)類型—技術(shù)、功能和管理的組織能力。在錢德勒的語(yǔ)境中,現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的成功越來(lái)越多地依靠以技術(shù)和功能為基礎(chǔ)的“綜合學(xué)習(xí)能力”,這并非說(shuō)管理變得不再重要,而是在分部制管理結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)理人地位確立后,管理不再是企業(yè)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)主要變量。在錢德勒看來(lái),當(dāng)代高科技企業(yè)的發(fā)展在于綜合學(xué)習(xí)能力的獲得和維持。獲得了綜合學(xué)習(xí)能力,企業(yè)就能在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝,否則就會(huì)被淘汰。
肆 元宇宙和企業(yè)管理
最近火爆的元宇宙其實(shí)在一定意義上也是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理制度伴隨科技進(jìn)步而做出的演變,以虛實(shí)融合的方式改變現(xiàn)有社會(huì)的組織與運(yùn)作。雖然每次科技進(jìn)步所帶來(lái)的改變都不能準(zhǔn)確遇見,但是未來(lái)公司的組織方式將會(huì)超越空間的限制是元宇宙能夠帶來(lái)的確定的變化。這種變化會(huì)對(duì)公司運(yùn)作產(chǎn)生那些深刻的影響呢?臉書和微軟等全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)龍頭以及英偉達(dá)等高科技企業(yè)在元宇宙方面的努力推進(jìn)也許會(huì)讓我們更早地看到結(jié)果。
伍 股市上漲
A股和港股均上漲,但量能并未有效放大。A股食品、調(diào)味料等消費(fèi)品板塊漲幅領(lǐng)先,受到產(chǎn)品調(diào)價(jià)的消息的刺激。英格蘭銀行維持利率在低水平,歐洲股市上漲。美股連續(xù)第六個(gè)交易日上漲。歐佩克決議保持當(dāng)前原油產(chǎn)出水平,油價(jià)上漲。
I. The visible hand
Alfred Chandler pointed out in his famous book --“The visible hand” that enterprise management and coordination can improve productivity,create big fortune and increase competitive advantages of capital invested. As market mechanism is called “the invisible hand”, Chandler called enterprise management and coordination "the visible hand".
II. Modern enterprise management
Modern factory management rooted in Springfield Arms Factory, which introduced check system and accounting to ensure more than 100 specialized workers to produce arms efficiently. The modern factory management does not equal to modern enterprise management, which came when railway and telegraph came into use. Companies in these two sectors hired professionals to coordinate, manage and evaluate many branches located in different places in the US. The capabilities of organization that come along with technology improvement help create social fortune.
III. Enterprise management in high-tech sectors
Chandler also studied the capabilities oforganization in high-tech sectors and concluded that the capabilities of organization in technology, function and management make difference for high-tech companies. Recently metaverse has become hot worldwide. Metaverse can be seen as social organization evolves with technology combining real and virtual world together.
IV. Metaverse
Every new technology would make the world change profoundly, which can not be foreseen at the beginning. With internet giants such as Meta and Microsoft and technology pioneer like Nvidia devoting into metaverse, we might soon see the big change at work and in our daily life.
V. Stocks rose
Both A-share and HK stocks rose. Food and beverage sector led the rally boosted by the news of various product price increase.The Bank of England maintained interest rate at the current low level. The US stocks rose for six days in a row. OPEC maintained current output plan and oil prices rose.
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