壹 美股的長牛
二戰(zhàn)后美股有三次牛市,分別從1949年到1956年、1990年到2000年以及2009年到2020年。這三次牛市標普500分別上漲了3.82、5.87和5.09倍。2009年到2020年的牛市結束于2020年2月14日,當天標普500觸及此輪牛市最高點3393點。2009年到2020年的牛市是三次牛市中持續(xù)時間最長的,指數上漲的幅度也與1990年到2000年相當。
貳 長牛由業(yè)績支撐
我們研究發(fā)現,2009年到2020年的牛市上漲業(yè)績驅動占比90%左右,估值提升僅占不到10%。以美國五大科技公司臉書、微軟、谷歌、奈飛和蘋果為例,他們的靜態(tài)市盈率從2009年到2020年2月基本都在20-30倍之間。
叁 經濟結構決定了長牛
美股不像A股那樣受到制造業(yè)庫存周期的較大影響。這主要是因為制造業(yè)占美國經濟的比重在12%左右,因此對經濟的影響作用有限。消費服務占美國經濟的比重在80%左右。但是,如果以供應管理協(xié)會非制造業(yè)采購經理人指數來衡量,該指數從2009年到2020年除了2009年和2020年都處在榮枯線50以上,除了2020年4月因為新冠疫情短暫地下探到了41.8的水平。前一個低點是2008年11月,因全球金融危機影響,非制造業(yè)采購經理人指數達到了37.6。一般而言,制造業(yè)庫存周期的低點對應美股的相對低點,美股在調整達到相對低點之后就重拾升勢。
肆 A股將會逐漸擺脫美股影響
美國制造業(yè)庫存周期的低點往往對應其他國家和地區(qū)股市的絕對低點。我們在2021年A股投資展望中分析過,美國作為全球經濟增長的火車頭,對全球經濟的引領作用十分明顯。美國經濟出問題,對其他國家的影響也非常大。特別是對A股而言,美國庫存周期下行期往往對應A股的下行期。但是,這種情況未來將會有所變化。首先,我國的內循環(huán)戰(zhàn)略意味著對出口的依賴程度將會降低。其次,隨著中國企業(yè)在產業(yè)鏈上地位的提升,我國企業(yè)賺取超額利潤的能力在增強,這也意味著抵御全球經濟下行壓力的能力也在增強。
伍 美聯儲此次縮減債券的影響將不如2013年大
上周五美聯儲主席鮑威爾支出美聯儲將在年底之前實施縮減債券購買計劃。此次美聯儲縮減債券購買對發(fā)展中市場的股市影響將會小于2013年。一方面,發(fā)展中市場今年的經濟基本面好于2013年,另一方面,美聯儲通過不斷地延遲退出寬松政策的腳步,使得市場消化了大部分沖擊。而2013年的縮減恐慌一定程度上是美聯儲與市場溝通不夠造成的。
I. The long-bulls of the US stocks
There are three long bulls for the US stocks after the World War II, which lasted from 1949 to 1956, 1990 to 2000 and 2009 to 2020. SP 500 rose 3.72, 5.83 and 5.09 for these three bulls respectively. The bull market from 2009 to 2020 is the longest bull in the history. We found that earnings growth drove 90%+ of the bull while the remaining 10% came from valuation improvement. FAANG stocks,which include Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix and Google, have been valued at trailing-twelve-month price-to-earnings ratio of 20-30x most of the time during the bull market from 2009 to 2020.
II.Economic structure supports the bull market
The US stock market are not affected by inventory cycle as much as China’s A-share market. This is because that manufacturing only takes 12% of the US GDP compared with China’s more than 30%.The low point of inventory cycle coincides with the relatively low point of the US stock market, which then picks up steam and go up again. Consumption and service take 80% of the US economy. From 2009 and 2020 non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index of Institute of Supply Management, which gauges the situation of consumption and service sector, remained above the threshold of 50 most of the time. This index touched low point of 37.6 and 41.8 respectively in Nov. 2008 due to the global financial crises and April 2020 due to COVID-19 crises. The prosperity of consumption and service sector supports the long-bull of the US stock market.
III. The US economy leads the world economy
The low point of inventory cycle in the US usually means the low point of the global stocks due to that the US economy is the engine of the global economy. We have discussed this in "The outlook of A-share in 2021”(2021年A股投資展望)in details.
IV. A-share would not be affected by the US economy greatly
A-share used to be affected by the US inventory cycle badly as China’s economy relied on export to a great extent. However, going forward we expect the impact to become smaller and smaller. The first is that China has changed its economic development towards domestic circulation, meaning that it would not rely on export as much as it used to be. The second is that Chinese companies have moved up along the value chain, meaning that they would not be hit as hard as previously when the US economy runs into trouble.
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